\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{ctex,siunitx}
\setCJKmainfont{Noto Serif CJK SC}
\usepackage{tkz-euclide}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns, calc}
\usetikzlibrary {decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.shapes,}
\begin{document}
\small
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,scale=1]
  \draw(0,0)--(11,0);
  \foreach \x in {0.5,1,...,10}
  {
      \draw(\x, 0)--(\x, 0.2);
  }
  \foreach \y in {.45,.9,...,4.5}
  {
      \draw (\y,0)--(\y,-.2);
  }
  \draw (0,.4)node [above]{0}--(0,-.4)node [below]{0};
  \draw (5,0)--(5,.4)node [above]{1};
  \draw (10,0)--(10,.4)node [above]{2};
  \draw (2.5,0)--(2.5,.3);
  \draw (7.5,0)--(7.5,.3) node [above]{主尺};
  \draw (4.5,0)--(4.5,-.4)node [below]{10};
  \draw (.45*5,0)--(.45*5,-.3) node [below]{游标};
  \node at (11,.5){\unit{cm}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}